Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Open Compute Project</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Compute_Project"> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Open_Compute_Project rootpage-Open_Compute_Project skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Open Compute Project</span></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295905060">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Open Compute Project</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OCP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2011<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2011</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">organisation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Sharing designs of <a href="Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a> products</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data">50+ corporations</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencompute.org">opencompute<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Open Compute Project</b> (<b>OCP</b>) is an organization that facilitates the sharing of <a href="Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a> product designs and industry best practices among companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 2011, OCP has significantly influenced the design and operation of large-scale computing facilities worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>As of February 2025, over 400 companies across the world are members of OCP, including <a href="Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a>, <a href="Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Wiwynn" title="Wiwynn">Wiwynn</a>, <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate Technology</a>, <a href="Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="Rackspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Rackspace">Rackspace</a>, <a href="Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a>, <a href="NVIDIA" class="mw-redirect" title="NVIDIA">NVIDIA</a>, <a href="Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>, <a href="Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity</a>, <a href="Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>, <a href="Accton_Technology_Corporation" title="Accton Technology Corporation">Accton Technology Corporation</a> and <a href="Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>


<p>The Open Compute Project Foundation is a <a href="501(c)(6)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(6)">501(c)(6)</a> non-profit incorporated in the state of Delaware, United States. OCP has multiple committees, including the board of directors, advisory board and steering committee to govern its operations.
</p><p>As of July 2020, there are seven members who serve on the board of directors which is made up of one individual member and six organizational members. Mark Roenigk (<a href="Facebook%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook</a>) is the Foundation's president and chairman. <a href="Andy_Bechtolsheim" title="Andy Bechtolsheim">Andy Bechtolsheim</a> is the individual member. In addition to Mark Roenigk who represents <a href="Facebook%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook</a>, other organizations on the Open Compute board of directors include <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> (Rebecca Weekly), <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (Kushagra Vaid), <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> (Partha Ranganathan), and <a href="Rackspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Rackspace">Rackspace</a> (Jim Hawkins).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A current list of members can be found on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencompute.org/membership/membership-organizational-directory">opencompute.org</a> website.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>The Open Compute Project began in Facebook as an internal project in 2009 called "Project Freedom". The hardware designs and engineering team were led by Amir Michael (Manager, Hardware Design)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sponsored by Jonathan Heiliger (VP, Technical Operations) and Frank Frankovsky (Director, Hardware Design and Infrastructure). The three would later open source the designs of Project Freedom and co-found the Open Compute Project.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was announced at a press event at Facebook's headquarters in Palo Alto on April 7, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="OCP_projects">OCP projects</h2></div>
<p>The Open Compute Project Foundation maintains a number of OCP projects, such as:
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Server_designs">Server designs</h3></div>
<p>Two years after the Open Compute Project had started, with regards to a more modular server design, it was admitted that "the new design is still a long way from live data centers".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some aspects published were used in Facebook's Prineville data center to improve energy efficiency, as measured by the <a href="Power_usage_effectiveness" title="Power usage effectiveness">power usage effectiveness</a> index defined by <a href="The_Green_Grid" title="The Green Grid">The Green Grid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Efforts to advance server compute node designs included one for <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> processors and one for <a href="Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a> processors. In 2013, <a href="Calxeda" title="Calxeda">Calxeda</a> contributed a design with <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a> processors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, several generations of OCP server designs have been deployed: Wildcat (Intel), Spitfire (AMD), Windmill (Intel E5-2600), Watermark (AMD), Winterfell (Intel E5-2600 v2) and Leopard (Intel E5-2600 v3).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OCP_Accelerator_Module">OCP Accelerator Module</h3></div>
<p>OCP Accelerator Module (OAM) is a design specification for hardware architectures that implement artificial intelligence systems that require high module-to-module bandwidth.<sup id="cite_ref-Ledin_2020_p._16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ledin_2020_p.-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>OAM is used in some of AMD's <a href="AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">Instinct</a> accelerator modules.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rack_and_Power_designs">Rack and Power designs</h3></div>
<p>The designs for a mechanical mounting system have been published, so that open racks have the same outside width (600&nbsp;mm) and depth as standard <a href="19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">19-inch racks</a>, but are designed to mount wider chassis with a 537&nbsp;mm width (21 inches). This allows more equipment to fit in the same volume and improves air flow. Compute chassis sizes are defined in multiples of an <a href="Open_Rack#OpenU" title="Open Rack">OpenU</a> or OU, which is 48&nbsp;mm, slightly taller than the typical 44mm <a href="Rack_unit" title="Rack unit">rack unit</a>. The most current base mechanical specifications were defined and published by Meta as the Open Rack V3 Base Specification in 2022, with significant contributions from <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> and <a href="Rittal" title="Rittal">Rittal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>At the time the base specification was released, Meta also defined in greater depth the specifications for the <a href="Rectifier" title="Rectifier">rectifiers</a> and power shelf.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifications for the power monitoring interface (PMI), a communications interface enabling upstream communications between the rectifiers and <a href="Backup_battery" title="Backup battery">battery backup unit</a>(BBU) were published by Meta that same year, with <a href="Delta_Electronics" title="Delta Electronics">Delta Electronics</a> as the main technical contributor to the BBU spec.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Since 2022 however, the power demands of <a href="AI_boom" title="AI boom">AI in the data center</a> has necessitated higher power requirements in order to fulfill the heavy power demands of newer <a href="AI_accelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="AI accelerator">data center processors</a> that have since been released. Meta is currently in the process of updating its Open Rack v3 rectifier, power shelf, battery backup and power management interface specifications to account for these new more powerful AI architectures being used.
</p><p>In May 2024, at an Open Compute regional summit, Meta and Rittal outlined their plans for development of their High Power Rack (HPR) ecosystem in conjunction with rack, power and cable partners, increasing the power capacity in the rack to 92 kilowatts or more of power, enabling the higher <a href="Electric_power" title="Electric power">power needs</a> of the latest generation of processors.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same meeting, Delta Electronics and <a href="Advanced_Energy" title="Advanced Energy">Advanced Energy</a> introduced their progress in developing new Open Compute standards specifying power shelf and rectifier designs for these HPR applications.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rittal also outlined their collaboration with Meta in designing airflow containment, <a href="Busbar" title="Busbar">busbar</a> designs and <a href="Ground_(electricity)" title="Ground (electricity)">grounding</a> schemes to the new HPR requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_storage">Data storage</h3></div>
<p>Open Vault storage building blocks offer high disk densities, with 30 drives in a 2U <a href="Open_Rack" title="Open Rack">Open Rack</a> chassis designed for easy <a href="Disk_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk drive">disk drive</a> replacement. The 3.5 inch disks are stored in two drawers, five across and three deep in each drawer, with connections via <a href="Serial_attached_SCSI" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial attached SCSI">serial attached SCSI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This storage is also called Knox, and there is also a cold storage variant where idle disks power down to reduce energy consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another design concept was contributed by Hyve Solutions, a division of <a href="Synnex" title="Synnex">Synnex</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the OCP Summit 2016 Facebook together with Taiwanese ODM Wistron's spin-off Wiwynn introduced Lightning, a flexible NVMe JBOF (just a bunch of flash), based on the existing Open Vault (Knox) design.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_efficient_data_centers">Energy efficient data centers</h3></div>
<p>The OCP has published data center designs for energy efficiency. These include power distribution at 277 VAC, which eliminates one transformer stage in typical data centers, a single voltage (12.5 VDC) power supply designed to work with 277 VAC input, and 48 VDC battery backup.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_networking_switches">Open networking switches</h3></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="SONiC_(operating_system)" title="SONiC (operating system)">SONiC (operating system)</a></div>
<p>On May 8, 2013, an effort to define an open <a href="Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switch</a> was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was to allow Facebook to load its own <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> software onto the switch. Press reports predicted that more expensive and higher-performance switches would continue to be popular, while less expensive products treated more like a <a href="Commodity" title="Commodity">commodity</a> (using the <a href="Buzzword" title="Buzzword">buzzword</a> "top-of-rack") might adopt the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The first attempt at an open networking switch by Facebook was designed together with Taiwanese ODM <a href="Accton_Technology_Corporation" title="Accton Technology Corporation">Accton</a> using <a href="Broadcom_Corporation" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom</a> Trident II chip and is called Wedge, the Linux OS that it runs is called FBOSS.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later switch contributions include "6-pack" and Wedge-100, based on Broadcom Tomahawk chips.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar switch hardware designs have been contributed by: <a href="Accton_Technology_Corporation" title="Accton Technology Corporation">Accton Technology Corporation</a> (and its Edgecore Networks subsidiary), Mellanox Technologies, Interface Masters Technologies, Agema Systems.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capable of running <a href="Open_Network_Install_Environment" title="Open Network Install Environment">Open Network Install Environment</a> (ONIE)-compatible <a href="Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">network operating systems</a> such as <a href="Cumulus_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumulus Linux">Cumulus Linux</a>, Switch Light OS by Big Switch Networks, or PICOS by <a href="Pica8" title="Pica8">Pica8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar project for a custom switch for the <a href="Google_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Google platform">Google platform</a> had been rumored, and evolved to use the <a href="OpenFlow" title="OpenFlow">OpenFlow</a> protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Servers">Servers</h3></div>
<p>Sub-project for <a href="PCI_Mezzanine_Card" title="PCI Mezzanine Card">Mezzanine</a> (<a href="Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">NIC</a>) OCP NIC 3.0 specification 1v00 was released in late 2019 establishing 3 form factors: SFF, TSFF, and LFF .<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation">Litigation</h2></div>
<p>In March, 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BladeRoom Group Limited and Bripco (UK) Limited sued Facebook, Emerson Electric Co. and others alleging that Facebook has disclosed BladeRoom and Bripco's trade secrets for prefabricated data centers in the Open Compute Project.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook petitioned for the lawsuit to be dismissed,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was rejected in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A confidential mid-trial settlement was agreed in April 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_open-source_hardware_projects" title="List of open-source hardware projects">List of open-source hardware projects</a></li>
<li><a href="Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a>&nbsp;– Organization that shares telecom technologies and best practices</li>
<li><a href="OpenBMC" title="OpenBMC">OpenBMC</a>&nbsp;– Open source implementation of the Baseboard Management Controllers (BMC) Firmware Stack</li>
<li><a href="OpenPOWER_Foundation" title="OpenPOWER Foundation">OpenPOWER Foundation</a>&nbsp;– Industry organization that manages Power ISA</li>
<li><a href="Novena_(computing_platform)" title="Novena (computing platform)">Novena (computing platform)</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><cite id="CITEREFMetz2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Metz, Cade (11 Apr 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/03/facebook-got-even-apple-back-open-source-hardware/">"How Facebook Changed the Basic Tech That Runs the Internet"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/membership/membership-organizational-directory">"Open Compute Project"</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/about/ocp-incubation-committee/">"Incubation Committee"</a>. <i>Open Compute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-19</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926112457/http://www.opencompute.org/about/organization-and-board/">"Organization and Board"</a>. <i>Open Compute</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/about/organization-and-board/">the original</a> on 2015-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-12</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2009/11/27/facebook-follows-google-to-data-center-savings">"Facebook Follows Google to Data Center Savings"</a>. <i>Data Center Knowledge</i>. 2009-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxide.computer/podcast/on-the-metal-2-amir-michael/">"Oxide Computer Company: On the Metal: Amir Michael"</a>. <i>Oxide Computer Company</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2012/01/facebook-server-lab/">"Facebook Hacks Shipping Dock Into World-Class Server Lab"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.vertexventures.com/2015/06/why-i-started-the-open-compute-project/">"Why I Started the Open Compute Project – Vertex Ventures"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4D9UNXKGV4&amp;ab_channel=FacebookApp">"Introducing the Open Compute Project - YouTube"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i>. 7 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/04/07/facebook-opens-its-server-data-center-designs">"Facebook Opens its Server, Data Center Designs"</a>. <i>Data Center Knowledge</i>. 2011-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMetz2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Metz, Cade (January 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/01/facebook-server-pieces/">"Facebook Shatters the Computer Server Into Tiny Pieces"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Stanford-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2012" class="citation web cs1">Michael, Amir (February 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/120215.html">"Facebook's Open Compute Project"</a>. <i>Stanford EE Computer Systems Colloquium</i>. <a href="Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>.</cite> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ee380.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/videologger.php?target=120215-ee380-300.asx">video archive</a>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchnell2013" class="citation web cs1">Schnell, Tom (January 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141023095543/http://www.opencompute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Open_Compute_Project_ARM_Server_Specification_v0.3.pdf">"ARM Server Motherboard Design for Open Vault Chassis Hardware v0.3 MB-draco-hesperides-0.3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Open_Compute_Project_ARM_Server_Specification_v0.3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFData_Center_Knowledge2016" class="citation web cs1">Data Center Knowledge (April 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2016/04/28/guide-to-facebooks-open-source-data-center-hardware/">"Guide to Facebook's Open Source Data Center Hardware"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRegister2013" class="citation web cs1">Register, The (January 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/17/open_compute_facebook_servers/">"Facebook rolls out new web and database server designs"</a>. <i><a href="The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Ledin_2020_p.-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ledin_2020_p._16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLedin2020" class="citation book cs1">Ledin, Jim (2020-04-30). <i>Modern Computer Architecture and Organization</i>. Birmingham Mumbai: Packt Publishing Ltd. p.&nbsp;361. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-83898-710-7</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCharestMillsVorreiter" class="citation web cs1">Charest, Glenn; Mills, Steve; Vorreiter, Loren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/documents/open-rack-base-specification-version-3-pdf">"Open Rack V3 Base Specification"</a>. <i>opencompute.org</i>. Meta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKeyhaniTangShapiroFernandes" class="citation web cs1">Keyhani, Hamid; Tang, Ted; Shapiro, Dmitriy; Fernandes, John; Kim, Ben; Jin, Tiffany; Mercado, Rommel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/documents/orv3-48v-psu-spec-rev-1-0-docx-1">"Open Rack V3 48V PSU Specification Rev: 1.0"</a>. <i>opencompute.org</i>. Meta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKeyhaniShapiroFernandesKim" class="citation web cs1">Keyhani, Hamid; Shapiro, Dmitriy; Fernandes, John; Kim, Ben; Jin, Tiffany; Mercado, Rommel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/documents/ocp-open-rack-v3-power-shelf-rev-1-0-docx-1">"Open Rack V3 Power Shelf Rev 1.0 Specification"</a>. <i>opencompute.org</i>. Meta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSunShapiroKimAthavale" class="citation web cs1">Sun, David; Shapiro, Dmitriy; Kim, Ben; Athavale, Jayati; Mercado, Rommel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/documents/open-rack-v3-bbu-module-spec-1-4-pdf">"Open Rack V3 48V BBU Specification Rev: 1.4"</a>. <i>opencompute.org</i>. Meta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Compute_Project" class="citation web cs1">Open Compute Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube/X5A_uX1vzvg">"ORv3 High Power Rack (HPR) Ecosystem Solution"</a>. <i>youtube.com</i>. Youtube<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Compute_Project2024" class="citation web cs1">Open Compute Project (4 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YB08H1ssJc">"Requirements/Considerations of Next Generation ORv3 PSU and Power Shelves"</a>. <i>Youtube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Compute_Project2024" class="citation web cs1">Open Compute Project (4 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5A_uX1vzvg">"ORv3 High Power Rack (HPR) Ecosystem Solution"</a>. <i>Youtube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Yan_and_Jon_Ehlen2013" class="citation web cs1">Mike Yan and Jon Ehlen (January 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521151714/http://www.opencompute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Open_Compute_Project_Open_Vault_Storage_Specification_v0.7.pdf">"Open Vault Storage Hardware V0.7 OR-draco-bueana-0.7"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Open_Compute_Project_Open_Vault_Storage_Specification_v0.7.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/1433093613662262/-under-the-hood-facebook-s-cold-storage-system-/">"Under the hood: Facebook's cold storage system"</a>. May 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130414055759/http://ir.synnex.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=733922">"Hyve Solutions Contributes Storage Design Concept to OCP Community"</a>. <i>News release</i>. January 17, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.synnex.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=733922">the original</a> on April 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMalone2012" class="citation web cs1">Malone, Conor (January 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521143229/http://www.opencompute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Open_Compute_Project_Storage_Server_for_Open_Rack_Specification_v0.3.pdf">"Torpedo Design Concept Storage Server for Open Rack Hardware v0.3 ST-draco-chimera-0.3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Open_Compute_Project_Storage_Server_for_Open_Rack_Specification_v0.3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2016" class="citation web cs1">Petersen, Chris (March 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/989638804458007/introducing-lightning-a-flexible-nvme-jbof/">"Introducing Lightning: A flexible NVMe JBOF"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiwynn.com/english/company/newsinfo/23">"Wiwynn Showcases All-Flash Storage Product with Leading-edge NVMe Technology"</a>. March 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJay_Hauser_for_Frank_Frankovsky2013" class="citation web cs1">Jay Hauser for Frank Frankovsky (May 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/news/up-next-for-the-open-compute-project-the-network">"Up next for the Open Compute Project: The Network"</a>. <i>Open Compute blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChernicoff2013" class="citation news cs1">Chernicoff, David (May 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/can-open-compute-change-network-switching/">"Can Open Compute change network switching?"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142442/https://www.sdxcentral.com/projects/facebook-open-switching-system-fboss/reports/2017/open-source-networking/">"Facebook Open Switching System (FBOSS) from Facebook"</a>. <i><a href="SDxCentral" title="SDxCentral">SDxCentral</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sdxcentral.com/projects/facebook-open-switching-system-fboss/reports/2017/open-source-networking/">the original</a> on October 1, 2018 – via <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/681382905244727/introducing-wedge-and-fboss-the-next-steps-toward-a-disaggregated-network/">"Introducing "Wedge" and "FBOSS," the next steps toward a disaggregated network"</a>. <i>Meet the engineers who code Facebook</i>. June 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/843620439027582/facebook-open-switching-system-fboss-and-wedge-in-the-open/">"Facebook Open Switching System ("FBOSS") and Wedge in the open"</a>. <i>Meet the engineers who code Facebook</i>. March 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/203733993317833/opening-designs-for-6-pack-and-wedge-100/">"Opening designs for 6-pack and Wedge 100"</a>. <i>Meet the engineers who code Facebook</i>. March 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/wiki/Networking/SpecsAndDesigns">"Accepted or shared hardware specifications"</a>. <i>Open Compute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencompute.org/wiki/Networking/ONIE/NOS_Status">"Current Network Operating System (NOS) List"</a>. <i>Open Compute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-13</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMetz2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Metz, Cade (May 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/05/facebook_networking/">"Facebook Rattles Networking World With 'Open Source' Gear"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Levy, Steven (April 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/04/going-with-the-flow-google/">"Going With the Flow: Google's Secret Switch to the Next Wave of Networking"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/wiki/Server/Mezz">"Server/Mezz - OpenCompute"</a>. <i>www.opencompute.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-09</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2022" class="citation web cs1">Kumar, Rohit (2022-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.servethehome.com/ocp-nic-3-0-form-factors-quick-guide-intel-broadcom-nvidia-meta-inspur-dell-emc-hpe-lenovo-gigabyte-supermicro/">"OCP NIC 3.0 Form Factors The Quick Guide"</a>. <i>ServeTheHome</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-09</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/5:2015cv01370/286012">"BladeRoom Group Limited et al v. Facebook, Inc"</a>. <i>Justia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/candce/5:2015cv01370/286012/193">"ORDER granting in part and denying in part 128 Motion to Dismiss"</a>. <i>Justia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2016" class="citation news cs1">Greene, Kat (10 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law360.com/ip/articles/794537/facebook-wants-data-center-trade-secrets-suit-tossed">"Facebook Wants Data Center Trade Secrets Suit Tossed"</a>. Law360<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSVERDLIK2017" class="citation news cs1">SVERDLIK, YEVGENIY (17 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2017/02/17/court-throws-facebooks-motion-dismiss-data-center-design-lawsuit/">"Court Throws Out Facebook's Motion to Dismiss Data Center Design Lawsuit"</a>. Data center Knowledge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252438774/Facebook-settles-365m-modular-datacentre-IP-theft-case-with-UK-based-BladeRoom-Group">"Facebook settles $365m modular datacentre IP theft case with UK-based BladeRoom Group"</a>. <i>Computer Weekly</i>. 11 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencompute.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li>Data Centers
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/PrinevilleDataCenter/">Prineville Data Center</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/ForestCityDataCenter/">Forest City Data Center</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/AltoonaDataCenter/">Altoona Data Center</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/LuleaDataCenter/">Luleå Data Center (Sweden)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/FortWorthDataCenter/">Fort Worth Data Center</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/CloneeDataCenter/">Clonee Data Center (Ireland)</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Videos
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTfzUmdAOw"><span class="">HC23-T2: The Open Compute Project</span></a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, Hot Chips 23, 2011 2.5 Hour Tutorial</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtTF9pDQxPc"><span class="">Facebook Open Compute Server</span></a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, Facebook V1 Open Compute Server</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckNzwqhDS60"><span class="">Facebook V2 Windmill Server</span></a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbzQe3jO4hc"><span class="">Hyve: Adapting Facebook's Servers for Your Data Center</span></a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, Open Compute starts at 5:40</li></ul></li>
<li>Case Studies
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xcloudnetworks.com/case-study/">Game publisher builds a cost-efficient, scalable data center and reduces operational complexities with OCP.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013220100/https://www.xcloudnetworks.com/case-study/">Archived</a> 2018-10-13 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meta_Platforms99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div id="Meta_Platforms99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products<br>and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Service</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Beacon" title="Facebook Beacon">Beacon</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon" title="Facebook Bluetooth Beacon">Bluetooth Beacon</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Credits" title="Facebook Credits">Credits</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Dating" title="Facebook Dating">Dating</a></li>
<li><a href="EdgeRank" title="EdgeRank">EdgeRank</a></li>
<li><a href="Feed_(Facebook)" title="Feed (Facebook)">Feed</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Facebook_features#Facebook_Gaming" title="List of Facebook features">Gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Graph_Search" title="Facebook Graph Search">Graph Search</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Instant_Articles" title="Facebook Instant Articles">Instant Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Like button</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Facebook_features#Live_streaming" title="List of Facebook features">Live</a></li>
<li><a href="Lookalike_audience" title="Lookalike audience">Lookalike audience</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_onion_address" title="Facebook onion address">Onion address</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Platform</a>
<ul><li><a href="Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect" title="Facebook Platform">Connect</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Reels" title="Facebook Reels">Reels</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Safety_Check" title="Facebook Safety Check">Safety Check</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Stories" title="Facebook Stories">Stories</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Watch</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming" title="List of Facebook Watch original programming">list of original programs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Zero</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hyperlapse_(application)" title="Hyperlapse (application)">Hyperlapse</a></li>
<li><a href="IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">List of most-followed accounts</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts" title="List of most-liked Instagram posts">List of most-liked pictures</a></li>
<li><a href="Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Meta_Portal" title="Meta Portal">Portal</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta_Quest" title="Meta Quest">Meta Quest</a>
<ul><li><a href="Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Quest 1</a></li>
<li><a href="Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Quest 2</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Quest 3</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Pro</a></li>
<li><a href="Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Touch</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ray-Ban_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-Ban Stories">Ray-Ban Stories</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet.org" title="Internet.org">Free Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Messenger">Messenger</a>
<ul><li><a href="Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Kids</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Messenger">Rooms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mapillary" title="Mapillary">Mapillary</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a></li>
<li><a href="Meta_Superintelligence_Labs" title="Meta Superintelligence Labs">Meta Superintelligence Labs</a></li>
<li><a href="Within_(company)" title="Within (company)">Supernatural</a></li>
<li><a href="WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li>
<li><a href="Workplace_(software)" title="Workplace (software)">Workplace</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Atlas_Solutions" title="Atlas Solutions">Atlas Solutions</a></li>
<li><a href="FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li>
<li><a href="Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Home" title="Facebook Home">Home</a>
<ul><li><a href="HTC_First" title="HTC First">HTC First</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="M_(virtual_assistant)" title="M (virtual assistant)">M</a></li>
<li><a href="Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li>
<li><a href="Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a>
<ul><li><a href="Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li>
<li><a href="Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Onavo" title="Onavo">Onavo</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Paper" title="Facebook Paper">Paper</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Slingshot" title="Facebook Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li>
<li><a href="Tbh_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tbh (app)">tbh</a></li>
<li><a href="Wirehog" title="Wirehog">Wirehog</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (28% equity)</li>
<li><a href="Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a> (7%)</li>
<li><a href="Eduardo_Saverin" title="Eduardo Saverin">Eduardo Saverin</a> (<i>5%, formerly</i>)</li>
<li><a href="Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> (<i>1%, formerly</i>)</li>
<li><a href="Andrew_McCollum" title="Andrew McCollum">Andrew McCollum</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li>
<li><a href="Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li>
<li><a href="John_D._Arnold" title="John D. Arnold">John D. Arnold</a></li>
<li><a href="Patrick_Collison" title="Patrick Collison">Patrick Collison</a></li>
<li><a href="John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a></li>
<li><a href="Drew_Houston" title="Drew Houston">Drew Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="Nancy_Killefer" title="Nancy Killefer">Nancy Killefer</a></li>
<li><a href="Robert_M._Kimmitt" title="Robert M. Kimmitt">Robert M. Kimmitt</a></li>
<li><a href="Dina_Powell" title="Dina Powell">Dina Powell</a></li>
<li><a href="Hock_Tan" title="Hock Tan">Hock Tan</a></li>
<li><a href="Dana_White" title="Dana White">Dana White</a></li>
<li><a href="Tony_Xu" title="Tony Xu">Tony Xu</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li>
<li><a href="Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br>officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li>
<li><a href="Javier_Olivan" title="Javier Olivan">Javier Olivan</a> (COO)</li>
<li><a href="Andrew_Bosworth" title="Andrew Bosworth">Andrew Bosworth</a> (CTO)</li>
<li><a href="Chris_Cox_(manager)" title="Chris Cox (manager)">Chris Cox</a> (CPO)</li>
<li><a href="Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (President of Global Affairs)</li>
<li><a href="Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead" title="Jennifer Gillian Newstead">Jennifer Newstead</a> (Chief Legal Officer)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a> (<i>4%, formerly</i>)</li>
<li><a href="Owen_Van_Natta" title="Owen Van Natta">Owen Van Natta</a></li>
<li><a href="Gideon_Yu" title="Gideon Yu">Gideon Yu</a></li>
<li><a href="Adam_D'Angelo" title="Adam D'Angelo">Adam D'Angelo</a></li>
<li><a href="Chris_Kelly_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)">Chris Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="Bret_Taylor" title="Bret Taylor">Bret Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li>
<li><a href="Mike_Schroepfer" title="Mike Schroepfer">Mike Schroepfer</a></li>
<li><a href="David_Wehner" title="David Wehner">David Wehner</a></li>
<li><a href="David_Ebersman" title="David Ebersman">David Ebersman</a></li>
<li><a href="Marne_Levine" title="Marne Levine">Marne Levine</a></li>
<li><a href="Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Oversight_Board_(Meta)" title="Oversight Board (Meta)">Oversight<br>Board</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Catalina_Botero_Marino" title="Catalina Botero Marino">Catalina Botero Marino</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Jamal_Greene" title="Jamal Greene">Jamal Greene</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Afia_Asantewaa_Asare-Kyei" title="Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei">Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Evelyn_Aswad" title="Evelyn Aswad">Evelyn Aswad</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Endy_Bayuni" title="Endy Bayuni">Endy Bayuni</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Katherine_Chen" title="Katherine Chen">Katherine Chen</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Nighat_Dad" title="Nighat Dad">Nighat Dad</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Sudhir_Krishnaswamy" title="Sudhir Krishnaswamy">Sudhir Krishnaswamy</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Ronaldo_Lemos" title="Ronaldo Lemos">Ronaldo Lemos</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Julie_Owono" title="Julie Owono">Julie Owono</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Emi_Palmor" title="Emi Palmor">Emi Palmor</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Andr%C3%A1s_Saj%C3%B3" title="András Sajó">András Sajó</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="John_Samples" title="John Samples">John Samples</a> (2020–)</li>
<li>Nicolas Suzor (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Suzanne_Nossel" title="Suzanne Nossel">Suzanne Nossel</a> (2021–)</li>
<li>Khaled Mansour (2022–)</li>
<li>Pamela San Martin (2022–)</li>
<li>Paolo Carozza (2022–)</li>
<li><a href="Kenji_Yoshino" title="Kenji Yoshino">Kenji Yoshino</a> (2023–)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br>Trustees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Stephen_Neal_(lawyer)" title="Stephen Neal (lawyer)">Stephen Neal</a>, Chair (2021–)</li>
<li>Kristina Arriaga (2020–)</li>
<li>Cherine Chalaby (2020–)</li>
<li>Wanda Felton (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Kate_O'Regan" title="Kate O'Regan">Kate O'Regan</a> (2020–)</li>
<li><a href="Robert_Post_(law_professor)" title="Robert Post (law professor)">Robert Post</a> (2020–)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br>members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pamela_S._Karlan" title="Pamela S. Karlan">Pamela S. Karlan</a> (Board Member, 2020–2021)</li>
<li><a href="Paul_G._Haaga_Jr." title="Paul G. Haaga Jr.">Paul G. Haaga Jr.</a> (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br>employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> (Graph Search director)</li>
<li><a href="Naomi_Gleit" title="Naomi Gleit">Naomi Gleit</a> (VP of social good)</li>
<li><a href="Nicola_Mendelsohn" title="Nicola Mendelsohn">Nicola Mendelsohn</a> (head of Global Business Group)</li>
<li><a href="Adam_Mosseri" title="Adam Mosseri">Adam Mosseri</a> (head of Instagram)</li>
<li><a href="Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a> (<a href="Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a> director)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Blake_Ross" title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a> (Director of Product)</li>
<li><a href="Ted_Ullyot" title="Ted Ullyot">Ted Ullyot</a> (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)</li>
<li><a href="Hugo_Barra" title="Hugo Barra">Hugo Barra</a> (VP of <a href="Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li>
<li><a href="John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (CTO of <a href="Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Matt_Cohler" title="Matt Cohler">Matt Cohler</a></li>
<li><a href="Charlie_Cheever" title="Charlie Cheever">Charlie Cheever</a></li>
<li><a href="Randi_Zuckerberg" title="Randi Zuckerberg">Randi Zuckerberg</a></li>
<li><a href="Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li>
<li><a href="George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li>
<li><a href="Joe_Lockhart" title="Joe Lockhart">Joe Lockhart</a></li>
<li><a href="Andrei_Alexandrescu" title="Andrei Alexandrescu">Andrei Alexandrescu</a> (research scientist)</li>
<li><a href="Chamath_Palihapitiya" title="Chamath Palihapitiya">Chamath Palihapitiya</a> (VP of User Growth)</li>
<li><a href="Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)</li>
<li><a href="Frances_Haugen" title="Frances Haugen">Frances Haugen</a> (Product Manager of Civic Integrity Team)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a></li>
<li><a href="Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Apache Hive</a></li>
<li><a href="Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a></li>
<li><a href="Buck_(software)" title="Buck (software)">Buck</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Query_Language" title="Facebook Query Language">FQL</a></li>
<li><a href="Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a></li>
<li><a href="HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a></li>
<li><a href="HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop for PHP</a></li>
<li><a href="Infer_Static_Analyzer" title="Infer Static Analyzer">Infer</a></li>
<li><a href="MyRocks" title="MyRocks">MyRocks</a></li>

<li><a href="Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a></li>
<li><a href="React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li>
<li><a href="React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li>
<li><a href="RocksDB" title="RocksDB">RocksDB</a></li>
<li><a href="Scribe_(log_server)" title="Scribe (log server)">Scribe</a></li>
<li><a href="Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li>
<li><a href="Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="The_Facebook_Effect" title="The Facebook Effect">The Facebook Effect</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="The_Accidental_Billionaires" title="The Accidental Billionaires">The Accidental Billionaires</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="The_Great_Hack" title="The Great Hack">The Great Hack</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Careless_People" title="Careless People">Careless People</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li>
<li><a href="Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li>
<li><a href="Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li>
<li><a href="Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li>
<li><a href="Fan-gating" title="Fan-gating">Fan-gating</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_diplomacy#Facebook_diplomacy" title="Digital diplomacy">Facebook diplomacy</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Facebook like button</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="History_of_Facebook" title="History of Facebook">History of Facebook</a></li>
<li><a href="Timeline_of_Instagram" title="Timeline of Instagram">Timeline of Instagram</a></li>
<li><a href="Timeline_of_WhatsApp" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of WhatsApp">Timeline of WhatsApp</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms">Acquisitions</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_F8" title="Facebook F8">f8 conference</a></li>
<li><a href="Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook" title="Initial public offering of Facebook">IPO</a></li>
<li><a href="Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship</a></li>
<li><a href="Criticism_of_Facebook" title="Criticism of Facebook">Criticism</a>
<ul><li><a href="Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts" title="2020 Facebook ad boycotts">2020 ad boycotts</a></li>
<li><a href="2021_Facebook_leak" title="2021 Facebook leak">2021 company files leak</a></li>
<li><a href="Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns with Facebook">Privacy</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_content_management_controversies" title="Facebook content management controversies">Content management</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms" title="Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms">Litigation</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Young_v._Facebook%2C_Inc." title="Young v. Facebook, Inc.">Young v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="Fraley_v._Facebook%2C_Inc." title="Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.">Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="Force_v._Facebook%2C_Inc." title="Force v. Facebook, Inc.">Force v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li>
<li><i><a href="Facebook%2C_Inc._v._Duguid" title="Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid">Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid</a></i> (2021)</li>
<li><i><a href="Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i> (ongoing)</li>
<li><a href="Meta_and_unions" title="Meta and unions">unionization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages" title="List of most-followed Facebook pages">Most-followed Facebook pages</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Priscilla_Chan" title="Priscilla Chan">Priscilla Chan</a> (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)</li>
<li><a href="Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li>
<li><a href="Facebook_Aquila" title="Facebook Aquila">Aquila Internet relay drone</a></li>
<li><a href="Willow_Village" title="Willow Village">Willow Village</a></li>
<li><a href="WaveGroup_Sound" title="WaveGroup Sound">WaveGroup Sound</a></li>
<li><a href="2021_Facebook_outage" title="2021 Facebook outage">2021 Facebook outage</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Open_Compute_Project&amp;oldid=1297463079">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</body></html>